Internal Revenue Service

Internal Revenue Service

Agency overview
Formed	July 1, 1862; 161 years ago (1862-07-01)[1] (though the name originates from 1918)
Type	Revenue service
Jurisdiction	Federal government of the United States
Headquarters	Internal Revenue Service Building 1111 Constitution Ave., NW Washington, D.C. 20224 United States[2]
Employees	93,654 (2022)[3] (79,070 FTE) (2022)[4]
Annual budget	$14.3 billion (2022)[4]
Agency executive	Daniel Werfel, Commissioner
Parent agency	Department of the Treasury
Website	www.irs.gov

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The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the revenue service for the United States federal government, which is responsible for collecting U.S. federal taxes and administering the Internal Revenue Code, the main body of the federal statutory tax law. It is an agency of the Department of the Treasury and led by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, who is appointed to a five-year term by the President of the United States. The duties of the IRS include providing tax assistance to taxpayers; pursuing and resolving instances of erroneous or fraudulent tax filings; and overseeing various benefits programs, including the Affordable Care Act.^[5]

The IRS originates from the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, a federal office created in 1862 to assess the nation's first income tax to fund the American Civil War. The temporary measure funded over a fifth of the Union's war expenses before being allowed to expire a decade later. In 1913, the Sixteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified, authorizing Congress to impose a tax on income and leading to the creation of the Bureau of Internal Revenue. In 1953, the agency was renamed the Internal Revenue Service, and in subsequent decades underwent numerous reforms and reorganizations, most significantly in the 1990s.

Since its establishment, the IRS has been responsible for collecting most of the revenue needed to fund the federal government, albeit while facing periodic controversy and opposition over its methods, constitutionality, and the principle of taxation generally. In recent years the agency has struggled with budget cuts and reduced morale.^[6] As of 2018,^[update] it saw a 15 percent reduction in its workforce, including a decline of more than 25 percent of its enforcement staff.^[7] Nevertheless, during the 2017 fiscal year, the agency processed more than 245 million tax returns.